1. The dating of this letter is based on a similar recommendation for Harry Toulmin sent to James Madison, as well as the date that he departed England (Madison, Papers, Congressional Series description begins The Papers of James Madison: Congressional Series, ed. William T. Hutchinson, William M. E. Rachal, and Robert Allen Rutland, Chicago, 1962–1991; 17 vols. description ends , 15:5–6).

2. Elizabeth Mayhew Wainwright (1759–1829), of Boston, and her husband, Peter, a merchant, moved to Liverpool, England, after their marriage on 5 June 1790. Harry Toulmin (1766–1823), a Baptist minister then living in Lancashire, England, was the son of Joshua and Jane Smith Toulmin, of Taunton, Mass. The clergyman immigrated to Norfolk, Va., in 1793 (vol. 12:90; AFC description begins Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, Richard Alan Ryerson, Margaret A. Hogan, Sara Martin, Hobson Woodward, and others, Cambridge, 1963– . description ends , 9:61; Sibley’s Harvard Graduates description begins John Langdon Sibley, Clifford K. Shipton, Conrad Edick Wright, Edward W. Hanson, and others, Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge and Boston, 1873– . description ends , 15:117–118; ANB description begins John A. Garraty, Mark C. Carnes, and Paul Betz, eds., American National Biography, New York, 1999–2002; 24 vols. plus supplement; rev. edn., www.anb.org. description ends ).