From Thomas Jefferson to Robert Smith, 31 March 1805
To Robert Smith
Monticello Mar. 31. 05.
Dear Sir
Your favor of the 27th. was recieved yesterday proposing to advance Lieutenants Sterett and Hull to be captains, nobody feels more strongly than I do the desire of encouraging by just rewards the enterprize of our officers, and especially should I be gratified by the promotion of Lt. Sterett who first taught our countrymen that they were more than equal to the pirates of the Mediteranean. but I have not here the means of knowing what is the number of Captains the laws permit us to have, nor whether we already have them. I remember that by one act we were to reduce the number to nine; but whether the small vessels added to our navy allows additional captains I know not; nor do I recollect with sufficient certainty the number we have. I have however signed the commissions, because you have I presume satisfied yourself that the measure is both proper & lawful, or you can satisfy yourself, having all the means at hand. if it be clearly allowed by the law, you will deliver the commissions. if it be doubtful it will be better to take time to consider & consult about it; as to have to revoke the measure would do much more harm than the taking time to keep in the right.
I shall leave this on my return within a fortnight & would wish nothing to be sent me after the departure of next Friday’s post (Apr. 5.) Accept my affectionate salutations and assurances of great esteem & respect
Th: Jefferson
PoC (DLC); at foot of first page: “The secretary of the navy.” Notation in SJL: “Sterett & Hull.”
TJ mistook Andrew Sterett for Charles Stewart (Smith to TJ, 19 Apr.).
equal to the pirates: on 1 Aug. 1801, Sterett, in command of the schooner Enterprize, captured a Tripolitan corsair after a three-hour battle. TJ had personally congratulated Sterett on his accomplishment (Vol. 36:3).
reduce the number: the Naval Peace Establishment Act of 3 Mch. 1801 reduced the number of captains in the U.S. Navy to nine ( , 2:111).
additional captains: neither of the laws approving additional schooners, brigs, and gunboats for the navy, dated 28 Feb. 1803 and 26 Mch. 1804, expanded the officer corps (same, 206, 292).
the number we have: as of 1 Jan. 1805, the navy had 10 captains due to the promotion of Stephen Decatur, Jr., the previous year for his meritorious service in the destruction of the captured frigate Philadelphia (Christopher McKee, A Gentlemanly and Honorable Profession: The Creation of the U.S. Naval Officer Corps, 1794-1815 [Annapolis, 1991], 473; Vol. 43:476; Vol. 44:703-4).