Enclosure: Thomas Jefferson’s Syllabus of the Doctrines of Epicurus, [before 31 October 1819]
Enclosure
Syllabus of the Doctrines of Epicurus
[before 31 Oct. 1819]
A Syllabus of the doctrines of Epicurus.
Physical. | The Universe eternal. | ||||
it’s parts, great & small, interchangeable. | |||||
Matter and Void alone. | |||||
Motion inherent in matter, which is weighty & declining. | |||||
eternal circulation of the elements of bodies. | |||||
Gods, an order of beings next superior to man. | |||||
enjoying, in their sphere, their own felicities; | |||||
but not medling with the concerns of the scale of beings below them. | |||||
Moral. | Happiness the aim of life. | ||||
Virtue the foundation of happiness; | |||||
Utility the test of virtue. | |||||
Pleasure active and In-dolent. | |||||
In-dolence is the absence of pain, the true felicity. | |||||
Active, consists in agreeable motion | |||||
it is not happiness. but the means to produce it. | |||||
thus the absence of hunger is an article of felicity; eating the means to obtain it. | |||||
The Summum bonum is to be not pained in body, nor troubled in mind. | |||||
i.e. In-dolence of body, tranquility of mind. | |||||
to procure tranquility of mind we must avoid desire & fear the two principal diseases of the mind. | |||||
Man is a free agent. | |||||
Virtue consists in | 1. Prudence. | 2. Temperance. | 3. Fortitude. | 4. Justice | |
to which are opposed | 1. Folly. | 2. Desire. | 3. Fear. | 4. Deciept. |
MS (ViW: TJP); subjoined to RC of covering letter; entirely in TJ’s hand; undated. PoC (DLC: TJ Papers, 216:38596); subjoined to PoC of covering letter.
For TJ’s earlier summary of the doctrines of epicurus with slightly variant wording, see , 31:284–5. At some point TJ’s son-in-law Thomas Mann Randolph copied this earlier version, with a heading of “Epicurus—Principles; doctrines—from Stanley by Th: Jefferson—heads” (Tr in ViCMRL: Randolph Letterbook, on deposit ViU). The reference to Stanley suggests that TJ based his notes on Thomas Stanley, The History of Philosophy: containing The Lives, Opinions, Actions and Discourses of the Philosophers Of every Sect (4th ed.; London, 1743; no. 34), part 13 of which, pp. 602–714, dealt with Epicurus and his teachings.
in-dolent: TJ presumably hyphenated here to avoid confusion with “indolent” in the sense of being habitually lazy. Here he intends “not dolent,” with “dolent” meaning “Sorrowing, grieving; sorrowful, sad” ( ).
Index Entries
- Epicurus (Greek philosopher); doctrines of search
- Jefferson, Thomas; Writings; Syllabus of the Doctrines of Epicurus search
- Randolph, Thomas Mann (1768–1828) (TJ’s son-in-law; Martha Jefferson Randolph’s husband); and TJ’s syllabus of Epicurus’s doctrines search
- Stanley, Thomas; The History of Philosophy search
- The History of Philosophy (T. Stanley) search