James Madison Papers

To James Madison from James Sullivan, 8 July 1804

From James Sullivan

Boston July 8th 1804

Sir

Men in public office suffer much from the unwarrantable intrusions of others; I have had a great share in this species of trouble, but perhaps never as much as you will have from the freedom of this Letter. I wish to whisper something into the Presidents ear, but cannot venture on the freedom of intruding a letter upon him. There is a general conversation here, that General Lincoln is to be removed from the office of collector of the revenue. That Gentleman has been induced in one instance, at least, to be where he ought not to have been; but I incline to beleive, that he would not have been there if he had expected what did in fact take place.1 Be this as it may, and even if for any political sentiments, or conduct, he ought to be reprehensible and disapproved of, yet I am convinced, that his removal from office now, would injure the President, and consequently hurt the government. He is, in general, an inoffensive man; he is rather popular than otherwise; the wounds received on the heights of Saratoga would be opened afresh, and wept over, by men, who were, on the day of that battle his enemies, who now dislike him as much as they did then; but whose address and cunning have given them a standing for which they are intirely unworthy. There are, no doubt, men who are seeking places for themselves and friends, and who cannot be well relied on. From these, his removal will be represented as harmless, if not popular, but I have no interest in the thing, and I beleive it would be a wrong measure. We are now in a very critical Situation in this State. The federal party, as they call themselves, begin openly to avow their intention to overthrow the nation, if the overthrow of the present administration cannot be effected without it. I am glad to hear them come out on those Sentiments, of which a late resolve on Elys motion appears to be the substance.2 The parties being thus at public issue, the republicans are now the federalists, and the others are the Jacobins. We converse now freely, and declare our opposite intentions, to take the field, the one to overthrow the constitution, the other to maintain it. They say, that the people are incapable of a free elective republic, we deny the assertion and say we will never submit to a change in favour of an executive, and legislative independent of the votes of the people. In this serious contest, yet resting in opinions and words, changes of officers, unless for obvious public reasons, may not be as prudent as the measures of the present administration have generally been. I am Sir with great respect your most humble Servant

Ja Sullivan3

I wish to add one word to this letter upon a subject wherein I have an interest. The government is injured here, in the minds of men of great consideration on the affair of the Georgia purchase,4 a great many men who suffer in this concern were bona fide purchasers for a full consideration: and as the government has derived a title from the same source, thereby acknowledging the title to have been in Georgia, and received the grant under a provision of five millions of acres to make the other purchases good, the denial of Justice can never promote the honor, or the interest of the nation. Yrs as above

Ja Sullivan

RC (DLC).

1Benjamin Lincoln had presided at a public dinner given in honor of Christopher Gore on 24 Apr. 1804 at which a number of toasts offensive to the Jefferson administration were given. Gallatin wrote to Jefferson raising the possibility that Lincoln should be removed from office for “his indecent and outrageous conduct.” Lincoln remained Boston collector until his resignation in 1809 (Boston Gazette, 26 Apr. 1804; Boston Columbian Centinel, 5 May 1804; Gallatin to Jefferson, 30 May 1804, in Adams, Writings of Gallatin, 1:193).

2William Ely made a motion in the Massachusetts House of Representatives on 13 June 1804 to instruct the U.S. senators of that state to obtain an amendment to the U.S. Constitution “so that the Representatives be appointed among the several States according to the number of their Free Inhabitants respectively.” A resolve to that effect was passed on 16 June (Boston Columbian Centinel, 16 and 20 June 1804; Morison, Harrison Gray Otis, 270).

3James Sullivan (1744–1808) was a prominent Massachusetts lawyer, a prolific political writer, and a Republican politician who served in many state and local offices, including as a member of the state legislature, as a justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court, 1776–82, and as attorney general of Massachusetts, 1790–1807. He was twice governor of Massachusetts, 1807–8.

4For the complaints of New England investors in Yazoo lands, see Perez Morton to JM, 18 July 1803, PJM-SS description begins Robert J. Brugger et al., eds., The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series (7 vols. to date; Charlottesville, Va., 1986–). description ends , 5:192–95.

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