General Orders, 19 October 1780
General Orders
Head Quarters Totowa Thursday October 19th 1780
Parole Persia, Countersigns J: T.
Watchword Peep
[Officers] For the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Glover, Colonel Tupper, Lieutenant Colonel Sill, Major Tudor, Brigade Major Ashley
Twelve waggoners to be drafted from the line and sent to the orderly office this afternoon, four ô clock.
The Honorable the Congress have been pleased to make the following promotions and Appointments:
Brigadier General Smallwood to the rank of Major General1
Colonel Daniel Morgan to the rank of Brigadier General2
Mr Abraham Skinner Commissary General of Prisoners
Doctor William Shippen junr Director General
[Doctor] John Cochran Chief Physician and Surgeon of the Army3
The Honorable the Congress have been pleased in just Abhorrence of the perfidy of his conduct to pass the following Act
In Congress October 4th 1780
Resolved, That the Board of War be and hereby are directed to erase from the Register of the Names of the Officers of the Army of the United States the name of Benedict Arnold.4
Varick transcript, DLC:GW.
1. See Samuel Huntington to GW, 16 Sept., and n.1.
2. See Huntington to GW, 14 Oct., and n.1 to that document.
3. The general orders then list additional appointments in the Continental army’s medical department: Drs. James Craik, Malachi Treat, and Charles McKnight as “Chief Hospital Physicians”; Thomas Bond, Jr., as “Purveyor” and Isaac Ledyard as “Assistant purveyor”; Dr. Andrew Craigie as “Apothecary” and William Johonot as “Assistant Apothecary”; Drs. James Tilton, Samuel Adams, David Townsend, Henry Latimer, Francis Hagan, Philip Turner, William Burnet, John Warren, Moses Scott, David Jackson, Bodo Otto, Moses Bloomfield, William Eustis, George Draper, and Barnabas Binney as “Hospital Physicians and Surgeons.” For reform of the medical department, see GW to John Mathews, 9 September.
William Johonot (Johonnot; d. 1782) was chief apothecary at Danbury, Conn., from July 1777 to December 1779. He became assistant apothecary for the medical department in January 1780.
Moses Scott (1738–1821) of New Brunswick, N.J., studied medicine after serving in the French and Indian War. He became a Continental hospital surgeon and began in 1777 as senior physician and surgeon of Continental army hospitals and assistant director general of those hospitals. Scott resigned in December 1780.
David Jackson (1747–1801) obtained a medical degree from the College of Philadelphia in 1768. He became a Continental army hospital physician in 1777 and sought leave to resign in December 1780 (see , 18:1120–21). Jackson represented Pennsylvania in Congress after the war.
Bodo Otto (1711–1787) was a German immigrant and doctor who eventually settled in Reading, Pa., in 1773. He became a surgeon in 1776 for the Continental army, which he left in January 1782. For a biography, see
4. See Huntington to GW, 6 Oct., and n.1 to that document.